September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 33
cities across the West have been left
to guess whether Martin forbids
their officers from removing
everything from tents to " portable
heaters " on city sidewalks.
There is uncertainty, as well, over
whether Martin requires cities to
tolerate other acts no less " attendant
to survival " than sleeping, such as
starting fires to cook food and " public
urination and defecation. "
While " cities and States are not
bound to adopt public-camping
laws, " the Supreme Court held the
Cruel and Unusual Punishments
Clause of the Eighth Amendment
does not prohibit the enforcement
of such public-camping laws.
Moreover,
if the Ninth Circuit's
Martin judgment was affirmed, in
the opinion of the Supreme Court,
" it would expand its experiment
from one circuit to the entire country,
a development without any
precedent in this Court's history. "
Conclusion
Accordingly,
the U.S.
Supreme
Court held the Eighth Amendment
does not grant federal judges primary
responsibility
for assessing
the causes and devising public policy
responses to address homelessness.
The Supreme Court, therefore,
reversed the judgment of the
Ninth Circuit and remanded (i.e.,
sent back) this case to the lower
federal court " for further proceedings
consistent with this opinion. "
SEE ALSO: " Camping Ordinance
Criminalized Homeless Status, " James C.
Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, July
2019, Vol. 54, Iss. 7, tinyurl.com/
yc3fubrm; " 'Sweeps' of Homeless Encampments
in Parks During COVID-19, "
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation,
February 2021, Vol. 56, Iss. 2,
tinyurl.com/2rtnthmn; " Due Process
Notice for COVID-19 Sweeps at Homeless
Encampment, " James C. Kozlowski,
Parks & Recreation, April 2021, Vol.
56, Iss. 4, tinyurl.com/yu6napbe.
James C. Kozlowski, J.D., Ph.D., is an
Attorney and Emeritus Associate Professor
in the School of Sport, Recreation and
Tourism Management at George Mason
University (jkozlows@gmu.edu). Law review
articles archive (1982 to present): mason.
gmu.edu/~jkozlows/lawarts/artlist.htm.
24_006344_Parks_n_Recreation_SEP Mod: July 11, 2024 10:13 AM Print: 07/26/24 page 1 v2.5
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September 2024 – Parks & Recreation
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of September 2024 – Parks & Recreation
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - Intro
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - Cover1
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - Cover2
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 1
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 2
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 3
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 4
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 5
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 6
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 7
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 8
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 9
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 10
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 11
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 12
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 13
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 14
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 15
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 16
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 17
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 18
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 19
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 20
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 21
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 22
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 23
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 24
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 25
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 26
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 27
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 28
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 29
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 30
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 31
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 32
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 33
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 34
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 35
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 36
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 37
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 38
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 39
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 40
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 41
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 42
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 43
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 44
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 45
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 46
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 47
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 48
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 49
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 50
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 51
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 52
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 53
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 54
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 55
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 56
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - Cover3
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - Cover4
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/september-2024
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/august-2024
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/july-2024
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/june-2024
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/may-2024
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/april-2024
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/march-2024
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/february-2024
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/january-2024
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/december-2023
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/november-2023
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/october-2023
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/september-2023
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/august-2023
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/july-2023
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/june-2023
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/may-2023
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/april-2023
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/march-2023
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/february-2023
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/january-2023
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/december-2022
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/november-2022
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/october-2022
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/september-2022
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/august-2022
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/july-2022
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/june-2022
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/may-2022
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/april-2022
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/march-2022
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/february-2022
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/january-2022
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/december-2021
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/november-2021
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/october-2021
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/september-2021
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/august-2021
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/july-2021
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/june-2021
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/may-2021
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/april-2021
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/march-2021
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