September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 28

LAW REVIEW
The cases of City of Grants Pass
v. Johnson and Martin v. Boise
considered whether anti-camping
laws criminalized homelessness.
Do Anti-Camping Park Laws
Punish Homelessness?
By James C. Kozlowski, J.D., Ph.D.
T
he crisis of increasing homelessness across the country has generated
a number of unregulated encampments in public parks,
posing a significant challenge to governmental entities charged
with preserving the public health, safety and welfare in communities
(NRPA Homelessness in Parks report, tinyurl.com/2x7uhduc).
In the case of City of Grants Pass
v. Johnson, 2024 U.S. LEXIS 2881
(U.S. 6/28/2024), the sole issue
before the Supreme Court of the
United States was whether " the
Cruel and Unusual Punishments
Clause of the Eighth Amendment
prohibits the enforcement of
public-camping laws. "
In Martin v. Boise, 920 F. 3d 584
(2019) ( " Martin " ), the U.S. Court
of Appeals
for
the Ninth Circuit
had held the Eighth Amendment's
Cruel and Unusual Punishments
Clause barred the City
of Boise, Idaho, from enforcing its
public-camping ordinance against
homeless individuals who lacked
" access to alternative shelter. " The
public-camping ordinance in Boise
made it a misdemeanor to use
" streets, sidewalks, parks, or public
places " for " camping. "
As defined by the Ninth Circuit,
" access " to alternative shelter was
lacking whenever " there is a greater
number of homeless individuals
in a jurisdiction than the number of
28 Parks & Recreation | SEP T EMBER 2 0 2 4 | PARK S ANDRECRE AT ION . OR G
available beds in shelters. " According
to the Ninth Circuit, nearly three
quarters of Boise's shelter beds were
not " practically available " because
the city's charitable shelters had a
" religious atmosphere. " Boise was,
therefore, enjoined (i.e., prohibited)
from enforcing its camping laws
against the plaintiffs.
Beyond the Ninth Circuit, no other
federal circuit court of appeals
in the remainder of the country
had adopted this Eighth Amendment
principle with respect to
public-camping laws enunciated in
Martin. In fact, several dissenting
jurists within the Ninth Circuit itself
had argued Martin was inconsistent
with the Eighth Amendment Cruel
and Unusual Punishments Clause.
In this dissenting view, the Eighth
Amendment prohibits certain methods
of punishment a government
may impose after a criminal conviction,
but it does not " impose any
substantive limits on what conduct
a state may criminalize. "

http://tinyurl.com/2x7uhduc

September 2024 – Parks & Recreation

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of September 2024 – Parks & Recreation

September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - Intro
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - Cover1
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - Cover2
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 1
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 2
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 3
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 4
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 5
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 6
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 7
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 8
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 9
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 10
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 11
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 12
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 13
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 14
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 15
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 16
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 17
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 18
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 19
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 20
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 21
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 22
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 23
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 24
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 25
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 26
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 27
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 28
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 29
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 30
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 31
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 32
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 33
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 34
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 35
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 36
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 37
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 38
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 39
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 40
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 41
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 42
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 43
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 44
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 45
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 46
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 47
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 48
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 49
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 50
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 51
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 52
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 53
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 54
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 55
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - 56
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - Cover3
September 2024 – Parks & Recreation - Cover4
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/september-2024
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/august-2024
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/july-2024
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/june-2024
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/may-2024
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/april-2024
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/march-2024
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/february-2024
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/january-2024
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/december-2023
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/november-2023
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/october-2023
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/september-2023
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/august-2023
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/july-2023
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/june-2023
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/may-2023
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/april-2023
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/march-2023
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/february-2023
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/january-2023
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/december-2022
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/november-2022
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/october-2022
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/september-2022
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/august-2022
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/july-2022
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/june-2022
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/may-2022
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/april-2022
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/march-2022
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/february-2022
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/january-2022
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/december-2021
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/november-2021
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/october-2021
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/september-2021
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/august-2021
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/july-2021
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/june-2021
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/may-2021
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/april-2021
https://ezine.nrpa.org/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/march-2021
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com